Hydrogeochemical Variability and Statistical Assessment of Samukh (Azerbaijan) Artesian Wells

Dilshad Ibadullayeva; Vafa Atayeva; Ayshan Salmanova; Vafa Mammadli

doi:10.55927/fjst.v5i9.163

Authors

Dilshad Ibadullayeva Mingachevir State University, Mingachevir, street D. Aliyeva, 21
Vafa Atayeva ANAS, Shaki Regional Scientific Centre, Shaki, street L. Abdullayev 24
Ayshan Salmanova Mingachevir State University, Mingachevir, street D. Aliyeva, 21
Vafa Mammadli ANAS, Shaki Regional Scientific Centre, Shaki, street L. Abdullayev 24

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v5i9.163

Keywords:

Artesian Groundwater, Physicochemical Parameters, Pearson Correlation, Statistical Analysis.

Abstract

This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of artesian groundwater from three settlements (Sarıgamısh, Garayeri, and Yenibag) in the Samukh district, Azerbaijan. Nine water samples were analyzed for pH, Eh, HCO₃⁻, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺+K⁺, and TDS using standard methods. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test revealed significant differences (p<0.001) among sampling sites for all parameters, indicating spatial hydrogeochemical heterogeneity. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive correlations between SO₄²⁻ and Mg²⁺ (r = 0.999) and between TDS and Mg²⁺ (r = 0.963), suggesting common mineral dissolution sources. While pH, Cl⁻, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ complied with WHO drinking water guidelines, elevated concentrations of SO₄²⁻ (480–701 mg/L), Na⁺+K⁺ (324–381 mg/L), and TDS (943–1203 mg/L) exceeded recommended limits at most sites. The results indicate that groundwater chemistry is primarily controlled by natural water–rock interactions, particularly carbonate and sulfate mineral dissolution

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