Grid-Forming Inverter Performance for Enhancing Renewable Energy Integration and Frequency Stability in Modern Power Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v5i9.156Keywords:
Grid-Forming Inverter, Frequency Stability, Renewable Energy Integration, Virtual Synchronous Machine, Low-Inertia Power System, Inverter-Based Resources.Abstract
The increasing integration of inverter-based renewable energy reduces the inertia and voltage-forming capability of modern power systems. This study evaluates grid-forming (GFM) inverter performance for renewable integration and frequency stability using an IEEE 9-bus benchmark. The analysis considers renewable penetration of 20–80%, GFM shares of 0–100%, virtual synchronous machine control, and 60 disturbance scenarios involving generation loss, load increase, and three-phase faults. Results show that higher renewable penetration without GFM worsens frequency stability, while increasing GFM contribution improves frequency nadir, reduces RoCoF, and shortens settling time. Virtual inertia enhances frequency response but introduces recovery-time trade-offs. The findings highlight the importance of coordinated GFM deployment and inertia tuning, requiring further validation through detailed simulation and hardware testing
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Copyright (c) 2026 Endang Sukarna, Farrah Fauzia, Dwi Feriyanto, Manovri Yeni
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