A Three-Phase Intervention Model in Mitigation of Bridge Project Delays Due to Force Majeure Based on Time and Cost Analysis

Nizamuddin Fairus Zakaria; Risma Marleno; Laksono Djoko Nugroho

doi:10.55927/fjst.v5i6.75

Authors

Nizamuddin Fairus Zakaria Civil Engineering Master's Study Program, Faculty of Engineering Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya
Risma Marleno Civil Engineering Master's Study Program, Faculty of Engineering Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya
Laksono Djoko Nugroho Civil Engineering Master's Study Program, Faculty of Engineering Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v5i6.75

Keywords:

Three Phase, Force Majeure, Bridge Project, Critical Path Method, Flood.

Abstract

The implementation of the Responsive Phase through Critical Path Method (CPM) analysis has successfully identified the impact of flood force majeure on the project's critical path quantitatively. Based on the project's weekly report data, an additional duration of 14 days was determined for the Structural Excavation and 28 days for the Vero River due to inundation, which was officially documented in the supervisor's instruction letter to the PPK. The results of the impacted CPM analysis indicate a shift in the project completion date from November 17, 2025, to December 1, 2025, so that the EOT amount of 14 calendar days was determined as the contractor's contractual right based on Articles 1244–1245 of the Civil Code. This delay is categorized as an excusable non-culpable delay so that the contractor cannot be subject to delay fines (liquidated damages) for these 14 days. The Three Phase Intervention Model (Preventive–Responsive–Recovery) has been successfully formulated into an Applicable Work Guideline consisting of 21 systematic steps and equipped with a checklist of 12 formal legal attachment documents for EOT claims. This model integrates CPM analysis, EOT mechanisms, and crashing optimization in one continuous framework, Preventive produces a baseline schedule as a reference, Responsive identifies impacts and determines EOT rights, and Recovery formulates an optimal acceleration strategy. This guideline has been proven to strengthen the basis of contract administration and technical justification for claims for time extensions and acceleration costs on bridge projects affected by flood force majeure

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