A Systematic Literature Review on the Advancement of Modern Weapon Systems: From Precision Guided Munitions to Autonomous Lethal Systems

Khairunissa Ulfitri; Yayat Ruyat

doi:10.55927/fjst.v5i7.115

Authors

Khairunissa Ulfitri Republic of Indonesia Defense University
Yayat Ruyat Republic of Indonesia Defense University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v5i7.115

Keywords:

Precision-Guided Munitions, Autonomous Weapon Systems, Artificial Intelligence, Military Technology, Systematic Literature Review, Lethal Autonomy, Modern Warfare.

Abstract

The evolution of modern weapon systems has significantly transformed contemporary warfare, particularly through the transition from precision-guided munitions (PGMs) to autonomous lethal systems enabled by artificial intelligence (AI). This systematic literature review (SLR) synthesizes peer-reviewed studies to examine technological development, operational effectiveness, and ethical-legal implications of modern weapon systems. Following PRISMA guidelines, 78 eligible studies were analyzed from leading scientific databases including Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science. The findings indicate that PGMs have enhanced strike accuracy and reduced collateral damage, while autonomous weapon systems introduce new complexities regarding decision-making, accountability, and compliance with International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The review highlights an accelerating trajectory toward autonomy in warfare, raising critical concerns regarding human oversight and machine-based lethal decision authority

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